The Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hall is located at Macalister Road, George Town. It is housed within the Penang Philomatic Union building.
The Philomatic Union was a reading club started by the Tung Meng Hooi (Chinese Revolutionary Alliance), a political party started in Tokyo in 1905 with the intention of turning imperial China into a republic. The Penang branch of the Philomatic Union was established through the efforts of Goh Say Eng, who also founded the Penang branch of Tung Meng Hooi. It was originally housed at the Li Teik Seah Building at 152 Carnarvon Street.
The Father of Chinese Republic, Dr.Sun Yat-Sen persistently struggled to bring independence and democracy to China. In 1905, Dr.Sun came to Penang for assistance and was introduced to Goh Say Eng and Ooi Kim Kheng at this premise known as 'Xiao Lan Ting Club'. Goh Say Eng and Ooi Kim Kheng became the staunchest supporters of Dr.Sun. Due to their passion and belief in freedom, these three patriots were respected by the revolutionaries who looked up to them as their leaders. In the three patriots, Goh Say Eng as a chairman, Dr.Sun Yat-Sen as a founder and Ooi Kim Kheng as a vice chairman.
The Father of Chinese Republic, Dr.Sun Yat-Sen persistently struggled to bring independence and democracy to China. In 1905, Dr.Sun came to Penang for assistance and was introduced to Goh Say Eng and Ooi Kim Kheng at this premise known as 'Xiao Lan Ting Club'. Goh Say Eng and Ooi Kim Kheng became the staunchest supporters of Dr.Sun. Due to their passion and belief in freedom, these three patriots were respected by the revolutionaries who looked up to them as their leaders. In the three patriots, Goh Say Eng as a chairman, Dr.Sun Yat-Sen as a founder and Ooi Kim Kheng as a vice chairman.The building it is occupying was originally the Xiao Lan Ting , a Chinese merchant's club. It was here that Dr Sun Yat-Sen delivered his first speech in Penang. At that time, the Penang audience took to his speech with yawning indifference, little knowing that this English-educated physician will one day bring down imperial China.
The reason for their indifference was that the Chinese community in Penang was torn between the idea of setting up a constitutional monarchy and the establishment of a republic. The Canton Uprising of 1911 gravitated them to a single decision, which was, to support the revolutionaries for a republic.
In addition to its part in Dr Sun Yat-Sen's movement, the Penang Philomatic Union was at one time used as the premises of the Chung Ling High School as well as the Fukien Girls' School - the precursor of today's Penang Chinese Girls' High School . These schools were founded by followers of Dr Sun Yat-Sen, namely Tan Sin Cheng and other key members of Tung Meng Hooi in Penang.
The Penang Philomatic Union was renovated in 2002 to house the Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Centre. This includes a museum to preserve and commemorate the activities that happened in Penang that was so significant to the history of China in the beginning of the 20th Century. On the grounds of the memorial centre are the recently erected statues of Dr Sun Yat-Sen and two of his devoteed Penang followers, Goh Say Eng and Ooi Kim Kheng.
The Sun Yat-Sen Museum Visitor Information as below :
Address: 120, Armenian Street
Phone: 042285119
Opening Hours: 9:00 am to 5:00 pm daily
Admission: RM5 per person
Free in-house guided tours are available at specific times. Tours are conducted in English, Mandarin, Malay and (by prior arrangement) Thai
How to reach Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hall? Take Rapid Penang Bus 10,101 or 104. The place is at the junction of Lorong Susu with Macalister Road. The bus fee to get there is only RM1.40 per a person.
Ten uprising display at the Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hall.
(1) First Guangzhou Uprising
In the second year of the establishment of the Revive China society on 26 October 1895, the group planned and launched the First Guangzhou uprising against the Qing in Guangzhou. Yeung Kui-wan directed the uprising starting from Hong Kong. However, plans were leaked out and more than 70 members, including Lu Hao-tung, were captured by the Qing government. The uprising was a failure. Sun received financial support mostly from his brother who sold most of his 12,000 acres of ranch and cattle in Hawaii.
(2) Huizhou Uprising
On October 8, 1900, Sun Yat-Sen ordered the launch of the Huizhou Uprising. The revolutionary army was led by Zheng Shiliang and initially included 20,000 men, who fought for half a month. However, after the Japanese Prime Minister prohibited Sun Yat-Sen from carrying out revolutionary activities on Taiwan, Zheng Shiliang had no choice but to order the army to disperse. This uprising therefore also failed. British soldier Rowland J. Mulkern participated in this uprising.
(3) Huanggang Uprising
(3) Huanggang Uprising
The Huanggang Uprising was launched on May 22, 1907, in Chaozhou. The Revolutionary party, along with Xu Xueqiu, Chen Yongpo and Yu Tongshi, launched the uprising and captured Huanggang city. Other Japanese that followed include Xuan Ye Chang Zhi and Chi Heng Ji. After the uprising began, the Qing government quickly and forcefully suppressed it. Around 200 revolutionaries were killed.
(4) Huizhou Seven Women Lake Uprising
The Huanggang Uprising was launched on May 22, 1907, in Chaozhou. The Revolutionary party, along with Xu Xueqiu, Chen Yongpo and Yu Tongshi, launched the uprising and captured Huanggang city. Other Japanese that followed include Xuan Ye Chang Zhi and Chi Heng Ji. After the uprising began, the Qing government quickly and forcefully suppressed it. Around 200 revolutionaries were killed.
(4) Huizhou Seven Women Lake Uprising
In the same year, Sun Yat-Sen sent more revolutionaries to Huizhou to launch the "Huizhou Seven Women Lake Uprising". On June 2, Deng Zhiyu and Chen Chuan gathered some followers, and together, they seized Qing arms in the lake, 20 km (12 mi) from Huizhou. They killed several Qing soldiers and attacked Taiwei on the 5th. The Qing army fled in disorder, and the revolutionaries exploited the opportunity, capturing several towns. They defeated the Qing army once again in Bazhiyie. Many organizations voiced their support after the uprising, and the number of revolutionary forces increased to two hundred men at its height. The uprising, however, ultimately failed.
(5) Qinzhou Uprising
In the same year, Sun Yat-Sen sent more revolutionaries to Huizhou to launch the "Huizhou Seven Women Lake Uprising". On June 2, Deng Zhiyu and Chen Chuan gathered some followers, and together, they seized Qing arms in the lake, 20 km (12 mi) from Huizhou. They killed several Qing soldiers and attacked Taiwei on the 5th. The Qing army fled in disorder, and the revolutionaries exploited the opportunity, capturing several towns. They defeated the Qing army once again in Bazhiyie. Many organizations voiced their support after the uprising, and the number of revolutionary forces increased to two hundred men at its height. The uprising, however, ultimately failed.
(5) Qinzhou Uprising
From August to September 1907, the Qinzhou Uprising occurred, to protest against heavy taxation from the government. Sun Yat-Sen sent Wang Heshun there to assist the revolutionary army and captured the county in September. After that, they attempted to besiege and capture Qinzhou, but they were unsuccessful. They eventually retreated to the area of Shiwandashan, while Wang Heshun returned to Vietnam.
(6) Zhennanguan Uprising
From August to September 1907, the Qinzhou Uprising occurred, to protest against heavy taxation from the government. Sun Yat-Sen sent Wang Heshun there to assist the revolutionary army and captured the county in September. After that, they attempted to besiege and capture Qinzhou, but they were unsuccessful. They eventually retreated to the area of Shiwandashan, while Wang Heshun returned to Vietnam.
(6) Zhennanguan Uprising
On December 1, 1907, the Zhennanguan Uprising took place at Zhennanguan, a pass on the Chinese-Vietnamese border. Sun Yat-Sen sent Huang Mintang to monitor the pass, which was guarded by a fort. With the assistance of supporters among the fort's defenders, the revolutionaries captured the cannon tower in Zhennanguan. Sun Yat-Sen, Huang Xing and Hu Hanmin personally went to the tower to command the battle. The Qing government sent troops to counterattack, and the revolutionaries were forced to retreat into mountainous areas. After the failure of this uprising, Sun was forced to move to Singapore due to anti-Sun sentiments within the revolutionary groups. He would not return to the mainland until after the Wuchang Uprising.
(7) Qin-lian Uprising
On December 1, 1907, the Zhennanguan Uprising took place at Zhennanguan, a pass on the Chinese-Vietnamese border. Sun Yat-Sen sent Huang Mintang to monitor the pass, which was guarded by a fort. With the assistance of supporters among the fort's defenders, the revolutionaries captured the cannon tower in Zhennanguan. Sun Yat-Sen, Huang Xing and Hu Hanmin personally went to the tower to command the battle. The Qing government sent troops to counterattack, and the revolutionaries were forced to retreat into mountainous areas. After the failure of this uprising, Sun was forced to move to Singapore due to anti-Sun sentiments within the revolutionary groups. He would not return to the mainland until after the Wuchang Uprising.
(7) Qin-lian Uprising
On March 27, 1908, Huang Xing launched a raid, later known as the Qin-lian Uprising, from a base in Vietnam and attacked the cities of Qinzhou and Lianzhou in Guangdong. The struggle continued for fourteen days but was forced to terminate after the revolutionaries ran out of supplies.
(8) Hekou Uprising
On March 27, 1908, Huang Xing launched a raid, later known as the Qin-lian Uprising, from a base in Vietnam and attacked the cities of Qinzhou and Lianzhou in Guangdong. The struggle continued for fourteen days but was forced to terminate after the revolutionaries ran out of supplies.
(8) Hekou Uprising
In April 1908, another uprising was launched in Yunnan, Hekou, called the Hekou Uprising. Huang Mingtang led two hundred men from Vietnam and attacked Hekou on April 29. Other revolutionaries who participated include Wang Heshun and Guan Renfu. They were outnumbered and defeated by government troops, however, and the uprising failed.
(9) Gengxu New Army Uprising
In April 1908, another uprising was launched in Yunnan, Hekou, called the Hekou Uprising. Huang Mingtang led two hundred men from Vietnam and attacked Hekou on April 29. Other revolutionaries who participated include Wang Heshun and Guan Renfu. They were outnumbered and defeated by government troops, however, and the uprising failed.
(9) Gengxu New Army Uprising
In February 1910, the Gengxu New Army Uprising, also known as the Guangzhou New Army Uprising, took place. This involved a conflict between the citizens and local police against the New Army. After revolutionary leader Ni Yingdian was killed by Qing forces, the remaining revolutionaries were quickly defeated, causing the uprising to fail.
(10) Second Guangzhou Uprising
In February 1910, the Gengxu New Army Uprising, also known as the Guangzhou New Army Uprising, took place. This involved a conflict between the citizens and local police against the New Army. After revolutionary leader Ni Yingdian was killed by Qing forces, the remaining revolutionaries were quickly defeated, causing the uprising to fail.
(10) Second Guangzhou Uprising
On April 27, 1911, an uprising occurred in Guangzhou, known as the Second Guangzhou Uprising or Yellow Flower Mound Revolt. It ended in disaster, as only 72 bodies were ever found. The 72 revolutionaries were remembered as martyrs. Revolutionary Lin Juemin was one of the 72. On the eve of battle, he wrote the legendary "A Letter to My Wife", later to be considered as a masterpiece in Chinese literature.
Dr.Sun Yat-Sen passed away on March 12, 1925, Sun died of liver cancer at the age of 58 at the Rockefeller Hospital in Beijing. A mourning hall was set up at Beijing Central Park. Sun's remains were placed in the Green Cloud Monastery, a Buddhist shrine in the Western Hills a few miles outside of Beijing. It was Sun's heart felt desired and wish to be buried in Nanjing. On June 1,1929, Sun was buried at Mount Zijing (Purple Mountain) Sun Yat-Sen Mausoleum in Nanjing.
The whole country mourned Dr.Sun's death. Memorial services were held all over the country. More than 700,000 turned up at Beijing Central Park to pay their last respect.
On April 27, 1911, an uprising occurred in Guangzhou, known as the Second Guangzhou Uprising or Yellow Flower Mound Revolt. It ended in disaster, as only 72 bodies were ever found. The 72 revolutionaries were remembered as martyrs. Revolutionary Lin Juemin was one of the 72. On the eve of battle, he wrote the legendary "A Letter to My Wife", later to be considered as a masterpiece in Chinese literature.
Dr.Sun Yat-Sen passed away on March 12, 1925, Sun died of liver cancer at the age of 58 at the Rockefeller Hospital in Beijing. A mourning hall was set up at Beijing Central Park. Sun's remains were placed in the Green Cloud Monastery, a Buddhist shrine in the Western Hills a few miles outside of Beijing. It was Sun's heart felt desired and wish to be buried in Nanjing. On June 1,1929, Sun was buried at Mount Zijing (Purple Mountain) Sun Yat-Sen Mausoleum in Nanjing.
The whole country mourned Dr.Sun's death. Memorial services were held all over the country. More than 700,000 turned up at Beijing Central Park to pay their last respect.
10 November 1924, Sun traveled north and delivered another speech to suggest gathering a conference for the Chinese people and the abolition of all unequal treaties with the Western powers.
10 November 1924, Sun traveled north and delivered another speech to suggest gathering a conference for the Chinese people and the abolition of all unequal treaties with the Western powers.
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